5-AMINOLEVULINIC ACID
5-Aminolevulinic acid acts as an essential precursor in the heme biosynthetic pathway and is clinically applied to enhance tumor visualization and support photodynamic therapies. It selectively accumulates in rapidly proliferating or malignant cells, increasing diagnostic accuracy and treatment selectivity. Applications include neuro-oncology and urologic oncology. Key risks involve increased sensitivity to light, local skin irritation, and gastrointestinal discomfort, which are usually self-limiting.
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Product Description
Mechanism of action
5‑Aminolevulinic acid (5‑ALA) is the key precursor of heme in the porphyrin biosynthesis pathway. Exogenous administration leads to intracellular accumulation of protoporphyrin IX, a potent photosensitiser. In photodynamic procedures, illumination with specific wavelengths activates protoporphyrin IX, generating reactive oxygen species that induce oxidative damage and cell death in targeted tissues.
Benefits and advantages
Because of its selective accumulation in metabolically active or transformed cells, 5‑ALA is widely used for fluorescence-guided surgery and photodynamic therapy. It enhances visual differentiation of malignant versus healthy tissue and enables more accurate resection margins. The compound is versatile for topical, oral or intravesical formulations and is rapidly cleared from the body after treatment.
Side effects and risks
Typical adverse effects are transient photosensitivity of the skin and eyes, requiring light protection after administration. Additional risks include nausea, vomiting, transient liver enzyme elevations, headache and, rarely, hypersensitivity reactions. Overexposure or improper use may increase the risk of porphyrin‑related toxicity. Handling and clinical application should therefore be restricted to trained professionals following established safety guidelines.
Datasheet
| Molecular Formula | C5H9NO3 |
|---|---|
| Molecular Weight | 131.13 g/mol |
| CAS Number | 106-60-5 |
| Storage Condition | Store in a cool, dry place. Keep container tightly closed. Protect from moisture and light. |
| Solubility | Very soluble |
| Purity | Purity information is available upon request (COA). |
| Synonym | 5-Aminolevulinic acid; Aminolevulinic acid; 106-60-5; 5-Amino-4-oxopentanoic acid; 5-Aminolevulinate |
| IUPAC/Chemical Name | 5-amino-4-oxopentanoic acid |
| InChl Key | ZGXJTSGNIOSYLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N |
| InChl Code | InChI=1S/C5H9NO3/c6-3-4(7)1-2-5(8)9/h1-3,6H2,(H,8,9) |
| References |
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