ACETAZOLAMIDE
Acetazolamide is a carbonic anhydrase inhibitor that reduces bicarbonate formation, lowering aqueous humor and cerebrospinal fluid production. It is used for glaucoma, altitude sickness, epilepsy, and edema. Benefits include rapid pressure reduction. Side effects include tingling, electrolyte imbalance, kidney stones, and gastrointestinal issues.
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Product Description
Mechanism of action
Acetazolamide is a reversible inhibitor of carbonic anhydrase, particularly in the proximal renal tubule and the ciliary body of the eye. In the kidney it reduces bicarbonate reabsorption, leading to increased excretion of bicarbonate, sodium and water and causing a mild metabolic acidosis. In the eye it decreases aqueous humour production, lowering intra‑ocular pressure.
Benefits and advantages
Acetazolamide is used in the management of glaucoma, certain forms of epilepsy, idiopathic intracranial hypertension and for the prevention of acute mountain sickness. Its multiple mechanisms and routes of administration make it a versatile tool in specialised clinical practice and research.
Side effects and risks
Common adverse effects include paraesthesia, fatigue, gastrointestinal upset and altered taste. The induced metabolic acidosis can lead to electrolyte disturbances, kidney stone formation and worsening of hepatic encephalopathy in susceptible patients. Hypersensitivity reactions and blood dyscrasias, though rare, have been reported. Appropriate monitoring of electrolytes, renal function and haematological parameters is essential in therapeutic use. The API should be handled with suitable protective equipment.
Datasheet
| Molecular Formula | C4H6N4O3S2 |
|---|---|
| Molecular Weight | 222.3 g/mol |
| CAS Number | 59-66-5 |
| Storage Condition | Store between 15 and 30 °C (59 and 86 °F), in a well-closed container, unless otherwise specified by manufacturer. |
| Solubility | less than 1 mg/mL at 72 °F (NTP, 1992) |
| Purity | Purity information is available upon request (COA). |
| Synonym | acetazolamide; 59-66-5; Acetamox; Glaupax; Edemox |
| IUPAC/Chemical Name | N-(5-sulfamoyl-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl)acetamide |
| InChl Key | BZKPWHYZMXOIDC-UHFFFAOYSA-N |
| InChl Code | InChI=1S/C4H6N4O3S2/c1-2(9)6-3-7-8-4(12-3)13(5,10)11/h1H3,(H2,5,10,11)(H,6,7,9) |
| References |
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