PENICILLAMINE
Penicillin acylates are penicillin derivatives that acylate bacterial transpeptidase enzymes, blocking cellwall synthesis and causing cell lysis. They are mainly active against grampositive bacteria. Benefits include proven efficacy and safety with proper use. Side effects include allergic reactions (from mild rash to anaphylaxis), GI upset, candidiasis, and, rarely, neurotoxicity with very high doses. Only GMP materials will be supplied, logistics all according to GDP.
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Product Description
Mechanism of Action
PENICILLAMINE demonstrates a multidimensional biochemical activity pattern, affecting enzymeregulated catalytic networks, receptormediated intracellular signalling, mitochondrial respiratory pathways, oxidativestress regulation, ionchannel behaviour, cytoskeletal mechanics and transcriptionfactor network modulation. Structural evidence suggests potential interactions with catalytic residues, allosteric domains, transmembrane protein complexes, regulatory scaffolds and intracellular signalling intermediates. These interactions allow PENICILLAMINE to influence phosphorylation kinetics, secondmessenger signalling (Ca²⁺, cAMP, IP, DAG), redoxbuffering systems, ATP turnover rates and mitochondrial membranepotential stability.
Depending on experimental conditions, PENICILLAMINE may alter metabolic flux distribution, cytoskeletal tension, vesicular transport efficiency, chromatinaccessibility patterns and geneexpression networks related to stress responses, inflammation, apoptosis, autophagy and metabolic adaptation.
Benefits and Advantages
This compound is widely used across highresolution biochemical and pharmacological research areas, including:
- Receptorligand interaction analysis and affinitymapping
- Detailed enzymekinetics profiling and catalyticpathway evaluation
- Mitochondrialdynamics studies, ATPflux modelling and oxidativestress research
- Integrated multiomics applications (transcriptomics, metabolomics, proteomics, phosphoproteomics)
- Cytoskeletal and membranemechanics modelling
- Apoptosis, necroptosis, ferroptosis and autophagy signalling pathway studies
- SAR (structureactivity relationship) and molecularoptimisation pipelines
- Mechanistic pharmacodynamic modelling and thresholdactivation experiments
Side Effects and Risks
Laboratoryobserved risks include:
- Oxidativestress imbalance and ROS overproduction
- Mitochondrial overload or suppression of respiratorychain complexes
- Dysregulation of Na⁺/K⁺/Ca²⁺ transport and ionchannel behaviour
- Unintended receptor crosstalk or inhibitory interference
- Cytoskeletal destabilisation and membrane-integrity compromise
- Dosedependent cytotoxicity leading to apoptosis or autophagy
- Transcriptional instability or inflammatory signalling activation (NF-κB, JNK, MAPK)
Use exclusively under controlled laboratory conditions with strict biosafety procedures.
Only GMP materials will be supplied, logistics all according to GDP.
Datasheet
| Molecular Formula | C5H11NO2S |
|---|---|
| Molecular Weight | 149.21 g/mol |
| CAS Number | 52-67-5 |
| Storage Condition | Packaging and storage: Store below 40 °C (104 °F), preferably between 15 and 30 °C (59 and 86 °F), unless otherwise specified by manufacturer. Store in a tight container. /Penicillamine capsules USP/ |
| Solubility | 4.65e+00 g/L |
| Purity | Purity information is available upon request (COA). |
| Synonym | D-Penicillamine; penicillamine; 52-67-5; Cuprimine; D-(-)-Penicillamine |
| IUPAC/Chemical Name | (2S)-2-amino-3-methyl-3-sulfanylbutanoic acid |
| InChl Key | VVNCNSJFMMFHPL-VKHMYHEASA-N |
| InChl Code | InChI=1S/C5H11NO2S/c1-5(2,9)3(6)4(7)8/h3,9H,6H2,1-2H3,(H,7,8)/t3-/m0/s1 |
| References |
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