AMOXICILLIN TRIHYDRATE
Amoxicillin Trihydrate is a research-grade compound used in advanced pharmaceutical and biochemical studies. Chemical & Pharmacological Characteristics As the trihydrate form, the API presents defined hydration state and solid-state behavior relevant to salt screening, stability, and dissolution testing. In aqueous media it behaves as a polar zwitterionic beta-lactam with time- and pH-dependent degradation pathways typical for penicillins. Activity is strongly influenced by beta-lactamase presence and by permeability and PBP affinity in the chosen organism or model. It is primarily applied to investigate compound-specific mechanisms, physicochemical Only GMP materials will be supplied, logistics all according to GDP.
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Product Description
Chemical & Pharmacological Characteristics
As the trihydrate form, the API presents defined hydration state and solid-state behavior relevant to salt screening, stability, and dissolution testing. In aqueous media it behaves as a polar zwitterionic beta-lactam with time- and pH-dependent degradation pathways typical for penicillins. Activity is strongly influenced by beta-lactamase presence and by permeability and PBP affinity in the chosen organism or model.
Mechanism of Action
Amoxicillin inhibits bacterial cell wall biosynthesis by acylating penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs), blocking the transpeptidation step required for peptidoglycan crosslinking. This weakens the cell wall and promotes osmotic instability in actively dividing bacteria.
Downstream effects include activation of autolytic enzymes and loss of envelope integrity, producing bactericidal outcomes under growth-permissive conditions. Resistance arises via beta-lactamase hydrolysis, altered PBPs, reduced permeability, and efflux. Mechanistic experiments should control inoculum, growth phase, and media composition.
Advanced
- Antimicrobial susceptibility testing and method validation (MIC, time-kill, synergy)
- Beta-lactamase and PBP interaction studies, including resistance mechanism mapping
- Solid-state and dissolution studies comparing hydrate forms and storage conditions
- Bioprocess contamination control research and antibiotic carryover investigations
- Analytical reference for chromatographic identity, impurity, and stability profiling
Toxicodynamics & Cellular Hazard Spectrum
- Hypersensitivity risk in biological exposure models; immunologic endpoints may confound
- Microbiome disruption in in vivo studies; secondary inflammatory signatures possible
- Beta-lactam instability at extreme pH and elevated temperature; potency drift risk
- Non-target cellular stress in high-dose cell culture due to osmolarity or impurities
- Antibiotic resistance selection pressure; implement containment and deactivation protocols
For expert laboratory research only – not intended for biological or therapeutic exposure.
Only GMP materials will be supplied, logistics all according to GDP.
Datasheet
| Molecular Formula | C16H25N3O8S |
|---|---|
| Molecular Weight | 419.5 g/mol |
| CAS Number | 61336-70-7 |
| Storage Condition | Store in a cool, dry place. Keep container tightly closed. Protect from moisture and light. |
| Solubility | Solubility depends on solvent and conditions (e.g., pH). Please contact us for solvent-specific guidance. |
| Purity | Purity information is available upon request (COA). |
| Synonym | Amoxicillin trihydrate; 61336-70-7; Amoxipen; Moxaline; Zimox |
| IUPAC/Chemical Name | (2S,5R,6R)-6-[[(2R)-2-amino-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)acetyl]amino]-3,3-dimethyl-7-oxo-4-thia-1-azabicyclo[3.2.0]heptane-2-carboxylic acid;trihydrate |
| InChl Key | MQXQVCLAUDMCEF-CWLIKTDRSA-N |
| InChl Code | InChI=1S/C16H19N3O5S.3H2O/c1-16(2)11(15(23)24)19-13(22)10(14(19)25-16)18-12(21)9(17)7-3-5-8(20)6-4-7;;;/h3-6,9-11,14,20H,17H2,1-2H3,(H,18,21)(H,23,24);3*1H2/t9-,10-,11+,14-;;;/m1…/s1 |
| References | https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/62883; small-molecule |
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