PARVAQUONE
Parvaquone is a hydroxynaphthoquinone antiprotozoal that interferes with electron transport in parasite mitochondria, impairing energy production. It is used mainly in veterinary medicine against Theileria infections. Side effects include vomiting, diarrhea, reduced appetite, and elevation of liver enzymes, particularly at higher doses or prolonged courses.
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Product Description
Mechanism of Action
PARVAQUONE (ID 27030) exhibits a multidimensional biochemical activity profile involving modulation of enzyme-catalyzed pathways, receptor-mediated intracellular signaling, ion-channel regulation, mitochondrial bioenergetics, oxidative-stress balancing, membrane dynamics, and transcription-factor orchestration. Its molecular configuration allows high-affinity interaction with catalytic residues, allosteric domains, regulatory scaffolds, and signaling intermediates, influencing phosphorylation cycles, second‑messenger flux (Ca²⁺, cAMP, IP₃, DAG), ROS equilibrium, ATP synthesis, and mitochondrial respiratory-chain regulation.
Depending on dose, exposure duration, and cell type, PARVAQUONE can modify chromatin accessibility, metabolic flux routing, vesicular trafficking, cytoskeletal structure, and gene-expression clusters associated with survival, inflammation, apoptosis, autophagy, and metabolic adaptation.
Benefits and Advantages
Due to its consistent mechanistic behavior, this compound is utilized in advanced research, including:
- Receptor–ligand interaction studies and affinity modeling
- High‑resolution enzyme kinetics and catalytic-pathway deconstruction
- Mitochondrial ATP‑flux assays and oxidative‑stress system modeling
- Multi‑omics profiling (transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics, phosphoproteomics)
- Cytoskeletal and membrane‑dynamics exploration
- Apoptosis, ferroptosis, necroptosis, and autophagy pathway analysis
- Structure–activity relationship (SAR) investigations and compound optimization
- Pharmacodynamic modeling, mechanistic dose–response scaling, and pathway benchmarking
Side Effects and Risks
Potential laboratory risks include:
- Oxidative‑stress imbalance and ROS accumulation
- Mitochondrial overload or respiratory-chain suppression
- Ion‑channel dysregulation affecting Ca²⁺/Na⁺/K⁺ homeostasis
- Unintended receptor cross‑activation or pathway inhibition
- Cytoskeletal destabilization and membrane‑integrity disruption
- Dose-dependent cytotoxicity (apoptotic or autophagic induction)
- Transcriptional or epigenetic instability under prolonged exposure
- Activation of inflammatory signaling networks (NF‑κB, JNK, p38 MAPK)
Use strictly in controlled laboratory environments with appropriate biosafety protocols.
Datasheet
| Molecular Formula | C19H21ClO3 |
|---|---|
| Molecular Weight | 256.30 g/mol |
| CAS Number | 4042-30-2 |
| Storage Condition | Store in a cool, dry place. Keep container tightly closed. Protect from moisture and light. |
| Solubility | Solubility depends on solvent and conditions (e.g., pH). Please contact us for solvent-specific guidance. |
| Purity | Purity information is available upon request (COA). |
| Synonym | Parvaquone; 4042-30-2; 2-Cyclohexyl-3-hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone; 3-cyclohexyl-4-hydroxynaphthalene-1,2-dione; NSC-278 |
| IUPAC/Chemical Name | 3-cyclohexyl-4-hydroxynaphthalene-1,2-dione |
| InChl Key | XBGHCDVBZZNDBY-UHFFFAOYSA-N |
| InChl Code | InChI=1S/C16H16O3/c17-14-11-8-4-5-9-12(11)15(18)16(19)13(14)10-6-2-1-3-7-10/h4-5,8-10,17H,1-3,6-7H2 |
| References |
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