NAPHAZOLINE HCL
Naphazoline HCl is a topical α‑adrenergic agonist that causes vasoconstriction of conjunctival and nasal mucosal vessels, reducing redness and congestion. It is used in eye drops and nasal sprays. Side effects include local irritation, burning, rebound hyperemia or congestion with prolonged use, headache, and possible elevation of blood pressure or heart rate.
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Product Description
Mechanism of Action
NAPHAZOLINE HCL (ID 26825) exhibits a multi‑vector biochemical action pattern, influencing enzymatic cascades, receptor‑mediated signalling, intracellular ion behaviour, mitochondrial oxidative dynamics and transcriptional regulatory networks. Its structural characteristics suggest interaction with catalytic residues, allosteric pockets and regulatory scaffolds, enabling modulation of phosphorylation circuits, second‑messenger systems (cAMP, Ca²⁺, IP₃), ROS generation, membrane polarization and metabolic‑flux channeling.
Depending on biological context, NAPHAZOLINE HCL may alter mitochondrial membrane potential, redox buffering capacity, calcium sequestration, cytoskeletal integrity, vesicle trafficking efficiency and transcription‑factor activation, resulting in broad mechanistic adaptability across experimental systems.
Benefits and Advantages
This compound is highly valued in advanced biochemical and pharmacological research frameworks, including:
- High‑resolution receptor–ligand mapping and affinity prediction
- Enzyme‑kinetic profiling and catalytic‑pathway deconstruction
- Mitochondrial‑stress testing, ATP‑flux analysis and ROS‑equilibrium studies
- Integrated multi‑omics research: transcriptomics, metabolomics, proteomics, phosphoproteomics
- Cytoskeletal modelling involving actin/tubulin regulation
- Apoptosis, autophagy, necroptosis and ferroptosis signalling investigations
- Structure–activity relationship (SAR) exploration and molecular optimisation
- Pharmacodynamic simulations for mechanistic threshold and dose‑response studies
Side Effects and Risks
Possible laboratory‑observed risks include:
- Redox imbalance with elevated ROS levels
- Mitochondrial overactivation or respiratory‑chain suppression
- Ion‑channel dysregulation affecting Na⁺/K⁺/Ca²⁺ flow
- Cross‑activation or inhibition of unintended receptor systems
- Cytoskeletal destabilisation and impaired membrane integrity
- Dose‑dependent cytotoxicity or induction of apoptotic/autophagic pathways
- Transcriptional instability and activation of inflammatory cascades (NF‑κB, JNK, p38)
Strict biosafety handling, controlled dosing and regulated environmental conditions are required for all experimental use. Not intended for human or veterinary application.
Datasheet
| Molecular Formula | C14H14N2·HCl |
|---|---|
| Molecular Weight | 246.73 g/mol |
| CAS Number | 550-99-2 |
| Storage Condition | Naphazoline hydrochloride ophthalmic solutions should be protected from light and should be stored in tight, light-resistant containers. The drug is degraded in the presence of aluminum and, therefore, should not be stored in aluminum containers. … Fixed combinations containing naphazoline hydrochloride and antazoline phosphate should be stored at temperatures less than 25 °C. |
| Solubility | Soluble in ethanol; slightly soluble in chlorform; insoluble in benzene and ether |
| Purity | Purity information is available upon request (COA). |
| Synonym | NAPHAZOLINE HYDROCHLORIDE; 550-99-2; NAPHAZOLINE HCL; Albalon; Vasocon |
| IUPAC/Chemical Name | 2-(naphthalen-1-ylmethyl)-4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazole;hydrochloride |
| InChl Key | DJDFFEBSKJCGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N |
| InChl Code | InChI=1S/C14H14N2.ClH/c1-2-7-13-11(4-1)5-3-6-12(13)10-14-15-8-9-16-14;/h1-7H,8-10H2,(H,15,16);1H |
| References |
3D Conformer.
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