BENZOIC ACID
Benzoic Acid is a research-grade compound used in advanced pharmaceutical and biochemical studies. Chemical & Pharmacological Characteristics It is a weak acid with pKa-driven ionization that strongly influences solubility and antimicrobial performance. Benzoic acid has limited solubility in water but improved solubility in its ionized form or in suitable co-solvent systems. Its aromatic scaffold is stable and supports straightforward chromatographic quantification. It is primarily applied to investigate compound-specific mechanisms, physicochemical behavior, and analytical or formulation-relevant characteristics under controlled laboratory conditions.
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Product Description
Chemical & Pharmacological Characteristics
It is a weak acid with pKa-driven ionization that strongly influences solubility and antimicrobial performance. Benzoic acid has limited solubility in water but improved solubility in its ionized form or in suitable co-solvent systems. Its aromatic scaffold is stable and supports straightforward chromatographic quantification.
Mechanism of Action
In preservative contexts, antimicrobial activity is associated with the undissociated acid crossing membranes and acidifying intracellular compartments, disrupting metabolic processes. This mechanism is pH-dependent and most effective under acidic conditions where the neutral species predominates.
In formulation science, the key functional behavior is governed by acid-base equilibria, partitioning, and potential for salt formation with basic APIs. Therefore, experimental designs should report pH, ionic strength, and counterion composition to ensure reproducibility and correct interpretation.
Advanced Research Applications
- Preservative and antimicrobial efficacy studies under controlled pH conditions
- Salt formation and solid-state screening with basic APIs
- Dissolution and pH-partition modeling for weak acid systems
- Analytical reference for identity, purity, and stability testing (HPLC/GC)
- Compatibility testing with excipients and packaging materials
Toxicodynamics & Cellular Hazard Spectrum
- Irritant potential in concentrated exposure; handle powders with PPE
- pH-dependent cytotoxicity in cell assays; buffer controls required
- Precipitation risk near pKa leading to variable exposure in vitro
- Potential sensitization in susceptible systems; monitor irritation endpoints
- Dispose per local guidance for organic acids and laboratory waste
For expert laboratory research only – not intended for biological or therapeutic exposure.
Datasheet
| Molecular Formula | C7H6O2 |
|---|---|
| Molecular Weight | 122.12 g/mol |
| CAS Number | 65-85-0 |
| Storage Condition | The bulk material should be stored in well-closed container in a cool dry place. |
| Solubility | less than 1 mg/mL at 68 °F (NTP, 1992) |
| Purity | Purity information is available upon request (COA). |
| Synonym | benzoic acid; 65-85-0; Dracylic acid; benzenecarboxylic acid; Benzeneformic acid |
| IUPAC/Chemical Name | benzoic acid |
| InChl Key | WPYMKLBDIGXBTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N |
| InChl Code | InChI=1S/C7H6O2/c8-7(9)6-4-2-1-3-5-6/h1-5H,(H,8,9) |
| References | https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/243; small-molecule |
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