AMMONIUM CHLORID
Ammonium Chlorid is a research-grade compound used in advanced pharmaceutical and biochemical studies. Chemical & Pharmacological Characteristics The salt is highly water-soluble and dissociates into NH 4 + and Cl − . Aqueous solutions are mildly acidic due to ammonium hydrolysis. The compound is stable, easy to standardize, and provides reproducible chloride loading. It is primarily applied to investigate compound-specific mechanisms, physicochemical behavior, and analytical or formulation-relevant characteristics under controlled laboratory conditions.
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Product Description
Chemical & Pharmacological Characteristics
The salt is highly water-soluble and dissociates into NH4+ and Cl−. Aqueous solutions are mildly acidic due to ammonium hydrolysis. The compound is stable, easy to standardize, and provides reproducible chloride loading. In biological systems, ammonium can be metabolized via hepatic pathways (e.g., urea cycle), and chloride participates in renal transport processes influencing bicarbonate exchange and acid excretion.
Mechanism of Action
Ammonium chloride has no direct receptor mechanism. Physiological effects arise from ammonium metabolism and associated buffering consumption, which can produce a net acidifying effect. In experimental settings, it is used to induce controlled metabolic acidosis to probe compensatory respiratory and renal responses.
Chloride contributes to electrolyte handling and tubular transport, influencing bicarbonate reabsorption and acid excretion. In cell-based assays, observed effects often reflect pH and osmolarity shifts; careful buffer-matched controls are required to distinguish true pathway responses from nonspecific stress.
Advanced Research Applications
- Renal physiology studies (tubular transport, acid excretion, bicarbonate handling)
- Controlled metabolic acidosis models for systems physiology research
- Formulation and stability testing where chloride load or ionic strength is critical
- Analytical method validation for chloride-sensitive assays
- Comparator salt in counterion and buffering strategy evaluations
Toxicodynamics & Cellular Hazard Spectrum
- Metabolic acidosis risk at high exposure; confounds energy metabolism biomarkers
- Electrolyte imbalance (chloride load effects) in sensitive models
- Renal stress in compromised systems under sustained acidifying conditions
- Nonspecific cytotoxicity from pH/osmolarity shifts; match controls carefully
- Irritant potential; standard PPE and dust control recommended
For expert laboratory research only – not intended for biological or therapeutic exposure.
Datasheet
| Molecular Formula | ClH4N |
|---|---|
| Molecular Weight | 53.49 g/mol |
| CAS Number | 12125-02-9 |
| Storage Condition | Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place. Hygroscopic. |
| Solubility | 37 % (NIOSH, 2024) |
| Purity | Purity information is available upon request (COA). |
| Synonym | AMMONIUM CHLORIDE; 12125-02-9; Ammonium muriate; Darammon; Ammoniumchlorid |
| IUPAC/Chemical Name | azanium chloride |
| InChl Key | NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N |
| InChl Code | InChI=1S/ClH.H3N/h1H;1H3 |
| References | https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/25517; small-molecule |
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