PHENAZOPYRIDINE HCL
Phenazopyridine HCl is a urinary analgesic that exerts a local anesthetic effect on the mucosa of the urinary tract, helping relieve pain, burning, urgency, and discomfort associated with irritation or infection. Side effects may include orange or red urine discoloration, headache, stomach upset, and, rarely, hemolytic anemia or methemoglobinemia, particularly in patients with renal impairment or prolonged use beyond recommended duration.
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Product Description
Mechanism of Action
PHENAZOPYRIDINE HCL (ID 27079) demonstrates a multidimensional biochemical activity pattern, affecting enzyme‑regulated catalytic networks, receptor‑mediated intracellular signalling, mitochondrial respiratory pathways, oxidative‑stress regulation, ion‑channel behaviour, cytoskeletal mechanics and transcription‑factor network modulation. Structural evidence suggests potential interactions with catalytic residues, allosteric domains, transmembrane protein complexes, regulatory scaffolds and intracellular signalling intermediates. These interactions allow PHENAZOPYRIDINE HCL to influence phosphorylation kinetics, second‑messenger signalling (Ca²⁺, cAMP, IP₃, DAG), redox‑buffering systems, ATP turnover rates and mitochondrial membrane‑potential stability.
Depending on experimental conditions, PHENAZOPYRIDINE HCL may alter metabolic flux distribution, cytoskeletal tension, vesicular transport efficiency, chromatin‑accessibility patterns and gene‑expression networks related to stress responses, inflammation, apoptosis, autophagy and metabolic adaptation.
Benefits and Advantages
This compound is widely used across high‑resolution biochemical and pharmacological research areas, including:
- Receptor–ligand interaction analysis and affinity‑mapping
- Detailed enzyme‑kinetics profiling and catalytic‑pathway evaluation
- Mitochondrial‑dynamics studies, ATP‑flux modelling and oxidative‑stress research
- Integrated multi‑omics applications (transcriptomics, metabolomics, proteomics, phosphoproteomics)
- Cytoskeletal and membrane‑mechanics modelling
- Apoptosis, necroptosis, ferroptosis and autophagy signalling pathway studies
- SAR (structure–activity relationship) and molecular‑optimisation pipelines
- Mechanistic pharmacodynamic modelling and threshold‑activation experiments
Side Effects and Risks
Laboratory‑observed risks include:
- Oxidative‑stress imbalance and ROS overproduction
- Mitochondrial overload or suppression of respiratory‑chain complexes
- Dysregulation of Na⁺/K⁺/Ca²⁺ transport and ion‑channel behaviour
- Unintended receptor cross‑talk or inhibitory interference
- Cytoskeletal destabilisation and membrane‑integrity compromise
- Dose‑dependent cytotoxicity leading to apoptosis or autophagy
- Transcriptional instability or inflammatory signalling activation (NF‑κB, JNK, MAPK)
Use exclusively under controlled laboratory conditions with strict biosafety procedures.
Datasheet
| Molecular Formula | C11H11N5·HCl |
|---|---|
| Molecular Weight | 249.70 g/mol |
| CAS Number | 136-40-3 |
| Storage Condition | Store in a cool, dry place. Keep container tightly closed. Protect from moisture and light. |
| Solubility | 30.4 [ug/mL] (The mean of the results at pH 7.4) |
| Purity | Purity information is available upon request (COA). |
| Synonym | Phenazopyridine hydrochloride; 136-40-3; Phenazopyridine HCl; Pyridium; Urodine |
| IUPAC/Chemical Name | 3-phenyldiazenylpyridine-2,6-diamine;hydrochloride |
| InChl Key | QQBPIHBUCMDKFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N |
| InChl Code | InChI=1S/C11H11N5.ClH/c12-10-7-6-9(11(13)14-10)16-15-8-4-2-1-3-5-8;/h1-7H,(H4,12,13,14);1H |
| References |
3D Conformer.
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