NALIDIXIC ACID
Nalidixic acid is a first‑generation quinolone antibiotic that inhibits bacterial DNA gyrase, blocking DNA replication in susceptible gram‑negative bacteria. It is used mainly for uncomplicated urinary tract infections. Benefits include good urinary concentrations. Side effects include GI upset, headache, rash, photosensitivity, CNS effects such as dizziness, and, rarely, hemolysis or tendon disorders.
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Product Description
Mechanism of Action
NALIDIXIC ACID (ID 26818) exhibits a multi‑vector biochemical action pattern, influencing enzymatic cascades, receptor‑mediated signalling, intracellular ion behaviour, mitochondrial oxidative dynamics and transcriptional regulatory networks. Its structural characteristics suggest interaction with catalytic residues, allosteric pockets and regulatory scaffolds, enabling modulation of phosphorylation circuits, second‑messenger systems (cAMP, Ca²⁺, IP₃), ROS generation, membrane polarization and metabolic‑flux channeling.
Depending on biological context, NALIDIXIC ACID may alter mitochondrial membrane potential, redox buffering capacity, calcium sequestration, cytoskeletal integrity, vesicle trafficking efficiency and transcription‑factor activation, resulting in broad mechanistic adaptability across experimental systems.
Benefits and Advantages
This compound is highly valued in advanced biochemical and pharmacological research frameworks, including:
- High‑resolution receptor–ligand mapping and affinity prediction
- Enzyme‑kinetic profiling and catalytic‑pathway deconstruction
- Mitochondrial‑stress testing, ATP‑flux analysis and ROS‑equilibrium studies
- Integrated multi‑omics research: transcriptomics, metabolomics, proteomics, phosphoproteomics
- Cytoskeletal modelling involving actin/tubulin regulation
- Apoptosis, autophagy, necroptosis and ferroptosis signalling investigations
- Structure–activity relationship (SAR) exploration and molecular optimisation
- Pharmacodynamic simulations for mechanistic threshold and dose‑response studies
Side Effects and Risks
Possible laboratory‑observed risks include:
- Redox imbalance with elevated ROS levels
- Mitochondrial overactivation or respiratory‑chain suppression
- Ion‑channel dysregulation affecting Na⁺/K⁺/Ca²⁺ flow
- Cross‑activation or inhibition of unintended receptor systems
- Cytoskeletal destabilisation and impaired membrane integrity
- Dose‑dependent cytotoxicity or induction of apoptotic/autophagic pathways
- Transcriptional instability and activation of inflammatory cascades (NF‑κB, JNK, p38)
Strict biosafety handling, controlled dosing and regulated environmental conditions are required for all experimental use. Not intended for human or veterinary application.
Datasheet
| Molecular Formula | C12H12N2O3 |
|---|---|
| Molecular Weight | 232.23 g/mol |
| CAS Number | 389-08-2 |
| Storage Condition | NALIDIXIC ACID TABLETS AND ORAL SUSPENSION SHOULD BE STORED IN TIGHT CONTAINERS AT A TEMPERATURE LESS THAN 40 °C, PREFERABLY BETWEEN 15-30 °C; FREEZING OF THE SUSPENSION SHOULD BE AVOIDED. |
| Solubility | less than 1 mg/mL at 70 °F (NTP, 1992) |
| Purity | Purity information is available upon request (COA). |
| Synonym | nalidixic acid; 389-08-2; Nalidixin; NegGram; Nevigramon |
| IUPAC/Chemical Name | 1-ethyl-7-methyl-4-oxo-1,8-naphthyridine-3-carboxylic acid |
| InChl Key | MHWLWQUZZRMNGJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N |
| InChl Code | InChI=1S/C12H12N2O3/c1-3-14-6-9(12(16)17)10(15)8-5-4-7(2)13-11(8)14/h4-6H,3H2,1-2H3,(H,16,17) |
| References |
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