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Common Allergic Diseases
The most common allergic diseases are:
- Allergic
rhinitis (hay fever).
Characterized by nasal stuffiness, sneezing, nasal itching, clear nasal discharge, and itching of the roof of the mouth and/or ears.
- Allergic
asthma: Characterized by airway obstruction that is at least partially reversible with
medication and is always associated with allergy. Symptoms include coughing, wheezing, shortness of breath or rapid breathing, chest tightness, and occasional fatigue and slight chest pain.
- Allergic Conjunctivitis:
Characterized by inflammation of the eyes; it is the most common form of allergic eye disease. Symptoms can include itchy and watery eyes and lid distress. Allergic conjunctivitis is also commonly associated with the presence of other allergic diseases such as atopic dermatitis, allergic rhinitis and asthma.
Urticaria
(hives): A reaction of the skin, or a skin condition commonly known as hives. Characterized by
the development of itchy, raised white bumps on the skin surrounded by an area of red inflammation. Acute urticaria is often caused by an allergy to foods or medication.
Atopic Dermatitis
(eczema): A chronic or recurrent inflammatory skin disease characterized by lesions, scaling
and flaking; it is sometimes called eczema. In children, it may be aggravated by an allergy or irritant
Contact Dermatitis: Characterized by skin inflammation; this is the most common occupational disease representing up to 40 percent of all occupational illnesses. Contact
dermatitis is one of the most common skin diseases in adults. It results from the direct contact with an outside substance with the skin. There are currently about 3,000 known contact allergens.
Sinusitis:
Characterized by an inflammation of the sinuses, it frequently mimics the common cold. The symptoms of sinusitis persist for a longer period of time than a typical cold.
Fever may develop or persist. Symptoms of sinusitis include frontal head discomfort, facial pain that often worsen when patients are bending or straining, and yellow or green nasal discharge.
- Otitis Media (middle ear infection):
Characterized by inflammation of the middle ear and eardrum. A middle ear infection is the most common childhood disease requiring physician care. As many as half of children over three years of age with chronic otitis media have confirmed allergic rhinitis.
Food Allergy
: Most prevalent in very young children and frequently outgrown, food allergies are characterized by a broad range of allergic reactions. Symptoms may include itching or
swelling of lips or tongue; tightness of the throat with hoarseness; nausea and vomiting; diarrhea; occasionally chest tightness and wheezing; itching of the eyes; decreased blood pressure or loss of
consciousness and anaphylaxis.
Latex Allergy
: An allergic response to the proteins in natural, latex rubber characterized by a range of allergic reactions. Persons at risk include healthcare workers, patients having
multiple surgeries and rubber-industry workers. Symptoms include hand dermatitis, eczema and urticaria; sneezing and other respiratory distress; and lower respiratory problems including coughing, wheezing and
shortness of breath.
Insect Sting
Allergy: Characterized by a variety of allergic reactions; stings cannot always be avoided and
can happen to anyone. Symptoms include pain, itching and swelling at the sting site or over a larger area and can cause anaphylaxis. Insects that sting include bees, hornets, wasps, yellow jackets, and fire and
harvest ants.
- Drug Allergy:
Characterized by a variety of allergic responses affecting any tissue or organ. Drug allergies can cause anaphylaxis; even those patients who do not have life-threatening symptoms initially may progress to a life-threatening reaction.
Anaphylaxis:
Characterized by life-threatening symptoms. This is a medical emergency and the most severe form of allergic reaction. Symptoms include a sense of impending doom;
generalized warmth or flush; tingling of palms, soles of feet or lips; light-headedness; bloating and chest tightness. These can progress into seizures, cardiac arrhythmia, shock and respiratory distress.
Possible causes can be medications, vaccines, food, latex, and insect stings and bites.
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